Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart was born on January 27, 1756 in Salzburg, at that time an autonomous city-state with a Prince Archbishop who provided both temporal and spiritual leadership. Mozart's father, Leopold, was a musician and composer in the Prince-Archbishop's court. Leopold provided Mozart's only formal teaching in music, and quickly recognized his son's prodigious gifts for learning and for music when the boy taught himself how to play the violin before turning seven years old.
Leopold seized upon the remarkable musical abilities of the boy and his elder sister, Maria Anna, and supplemented his meager courtly income by touring with his children and displaying their talents before the nobility of Europe. In all, Mozart, spent about a quarter of all his days on the road, traveling throughout Europe, from London and Paris to Germany, Austria, and Italy. His ability to play complex compositions from memory, to play blindfolded, and ultimately to compose made him the stuff of legend, the archetypal child prodigy. In his travels, Mozart also encountered a wide variety of composers and compositional styles. The compositional output of his youth and adolescence reflects this dizzying array of influences, with locally popular compositional styles mimicked, then incorporated into his own evolving style.
Leopold insisted that his son make a living in a stable, corporate-like position in a nobleman's court; the unstable life of the freelance musician was much less solidly established at this time. However, no noblemen were willing to engage a teenage boy as a court musician, prodigy or no prodigy. As a result, Mozart spent his late adolescence and early twenties in the employ of the Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg. Throughout this period he sought posts elsewhere, and the world traveler chafed at the musical limitations of provincial Salzburg. He also resented his father's attempts to thwart any romantic relationships and keep him earning money to support the entire family.
Things came to a head in 1781, when the 25-year-old Mozart had a public clash with the Prince-Archbishop, and resigned his post against his father's wishes. Mozart broke with the Archbishop and moved to Vienna, the imperial capital and a major cultural center, working as a freelance composer and musician, though continually seeking a formal appointment at an aristocratic court. Mozart broke with his father the next year when he married Constanze Weber, a singer from a family of impoverished musicians, against Leopold's wishes.
Mozart quickly ingratiated himself with the music connosieurs among the nobility. He spent the next nine years of his life working as a teacher, pianist, concert promoter, and composer of some of the most sublime music in the history of Western art music. He was beginning to establish himself with the aristocracy and public alike when he suddenly died, on December 5, 1791, at the age of 35, from an unknown febrile illness.
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